美國CPA《財務(wù)會計與報告》例題（6）

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　　Earnings per share

　　All public entities are required to present Earnings Per Share（EPS）on the face of the I/S.

　　參《企業(yè)會計準(zhǔn)則第34號-每股收益》

　　Simple/Complex capital structure

　　If an entity has only common stock outstanding，then it has simple capital structure.The entity only need present basic EPS for “IDE” and “I” on the face of the I/S.

　　If an entity has securities that can potentially be converted to common stock，then it has complex capital structure.The entity need present both basic EPS and diluted EPS for “IDE” and “I” on the face of the I/S.

　　The key point of identify simple or complex capital structure is securities convertible to common stock.

　　The key result difference is diluted EPS.

　　Basic EPS=[NI available to C/S]/WACSO

　　NI available to C/S=NI–P/S dividend

　　P/S dividend=Dividend declared to P/S+Dividends in arrears

　　Weighted-Average number of Common Shares Outstanding（WACSO）is the mean of shares outstanding and assumed to be outstanding for EPS calculations.

　　發(fā)行在外普通股加權(quán)平均數(shù)（WACSO）=期初發(fā)行在外普通股股數(shù)+新發(fā)行普通股股數(shù) X 已發(fā)行時間÷報告期間-當(dāng)期回購普通股股數(shù)X已回購時間÷報告期間

　　考點(diǎn)1. Cumulative P/S 未宣告的股利（dividend in arrears）是否要在計算EPS時扣除？是的。必須扣除。因為在支付普通股股東股利之前，企業(yè)必須首先支付歷年的dividend in arrears.

　　考點(diǎn)2. 如果三個Stock dividends / splits方案，除實施時間不同外（分別在3/31/X1，9/30/X1，1/2/X2 ），無任何區(qū)別。B/S date是12/31，報告簽發(fā)日為2/25/X2.問三個方案下誰的EPS？一樣大。

　　Stock dividends/splits before the F/S ISSUE DATE must be treated as though they occurred at the earliest beginning of the period in the report.

　　Complex capital structure–potentially dilutive securities type：

　　Convertible securities（convertible P/S or bonds）

　　Warrants and other options

　　Contracts that may be settled in cash or stock；and

　　Contingent shares

　　每股盈余有兩種，基本稀釋要披露。

　　先把基本來計算，分子收益分母股。

　　稀釋計算兩大類，轉(zhuǎn)換加錢是與否。

　　轉(zhuǎn)換加錢庫存法，不再加錢視同法。

　　庫存收錢買股票，買了庫股兌期權(quán)。

　　庫股不夠發(fā)期權(quán)，只好注水發(fā)新股。

　　庫存股法調(diào)分母，注水新股加其中。

　　視同法下期初轉(zhuǎn)，分母一定要調(diào)增。

　　合同約定轉(zhuǎn)換比，相應(yīng)增加普通股。

　　可轉(zhuǎn)債券動分子，節(jié)省利息要交稅。

　　穩(wěn)健原則永不忘，堅決不能反稀釋。

　　庫存股法行權(quán)價，視同法中看結(jié)果。

　　行權(quán)價比市價高，視同法下結(jié)果大。

　　以上兩種情況出，全當(dāng)證券不存在。

　　“Treasury stock” Dilutive vs.Antidilutive

　　Market price>Exercise price，Dilutive

　　Market price

　　If the security is antidilutive，ignore it during calculating dilutive EPS.因為沒有投資人會傻到當(dāng)market price

　　“If-converted” method are adopted during calculating the dilutive EPS.If-converted method assumes that the securities were converted to C/S at the beginning of the period（or at the time of issue，if later）

　　Diluted EPS=[Income available to C/S + interest on dilutive securitiesX（1-Tax rate）]/[WACSO，assuming all dilutive securities are converted to C/S]

　　Dilution from Options，Warrants，and their Equivalents–Treasury Stock Method.

　　The equivalents of options and warrants include nonvested stock granted to employees，stock purchase contracts，and partially paid stock subscriptions.

　　Treasury Stock Method的邏輯是：

　　當(dāng)期權(quán)行權(quán)時，會增加outstanding的股票，進(jìn)而稀釋EPS

　　如果用行權(quán)時所收到的金額，按市價購買庫存股，會減少outstanding的股票，進(jìn)而反稀釋EPS

　　真正的增加的股票和稀釋的效果是以上兩者的綜合

　　Additional shares outstanding=number of shares issued for option–[proceeds received for option exercise / average market price]

　　Proceeds received for option exercise=number of shares issued for option X exercise price

　　Diluted from Convertible Securities–If converted method